US and UK units share names but not sizes
The US gallon is defined as exactly 231 cubic inches, which is 3.785411784 L. The UK (imperial) gallon, defined by law in 1985, is exactly 4.54609 L, about 1.201 times bigger. The smaller units follow, but not in the same way:
- Pint: a US pint is 16 fluid ounces, 473.176 mL. A UK pint is 20 fluid ounces, 568.261 mL, which is the pint a pub pours.
- Fluid ounce: a US fluid ounce is 29.5735 mL and a UK one is 28.4131 mL. The UK ounce is slightly smaller, but there are more of them in a pint.
- Quart: both systems have 4 quarts to the gallon, but a UK quart is 1.1365225 L and a US quart is 0.946352946 L.
- Cup: the US cup is 8 US fluid ounces, 236.5882 mL. The metric cup used in Australia, New Zealand and Canada is 250 mL.
In this converter the fluid ounce, pint, quart and gallon each have a US and a UK version, and the US cup, teaspoon and tablespoon carry US in their names, so the name always tells you which one you picked.
Cooking measures
- Teaspoon: 4.9289 mL (US). Recipes often treat it as 5 mL.
- Tablespoon: 14.7868 mL (US), which is three teaspoons. Recipes often treat it as 15 mL. In Australia a tablespoon is 20 mL, so check where a recipe comes from.
- US cup: 236.5882 mL, and 250 mL for the metric cup. They differ by about 6 percent, which rarely matters in a soup and can in a cake.
- Liter in cups: 4.227 US cups.
Cups and spoons measure volume, not weight, so the weight of a cup depends on what is in it. For flour, sugar and butter, a kitchen scale and the weight converter are more reliable.
Cubic units and the oil barrel
- A liter is exactly 1,000 cubic centimeters, and 1 mL is exactly 1 cm³. A cubic meter is exactly 1,000 liters.
- A cubic foot is 28.316846592 L, or about 7.48 US gallons.
- A cubic inch is exactly 16.387064 mL, the unit behind the US gallon: 231 of them make a gallon.
- An oil barrel is 42 US gallons, 158.987294928 L. It is a unit of trade for crude oil, not the size of any particular container.
For everyday liquid, the commonest conversion by far is liters to gallons.